在J2ME中完成基于UDP協(xié)議通訊程序
發(fā)表時間:2024-06-13 來源:明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣:
[摘要]在GCF中提供了DatagramConnection和Datagram兩個接口,借助他們我們可以在J2ME中基于UDP協(xié)議開發(fā)聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用程序。在MIDP2.0中,添加了UDPDatagramConnection這個接口,他擴展了DatagramConnection并添加了兩個方法getLocalAd...
在GCF中提供了DatagramConnection和Datagram兩個接口,借助他們我們可以在J2ME中基于UDP協(xié)議開發(fā)聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用程序。在MIDP2.0中,添加了UDPDatagramConnection這個接口,他擴展了DatagramConnection并添加了兩個方法getLocalAddress()和getLocalPort()。我們知道UDP服務(wù)是不可靠的,如果你希望開發(fā)更可靠的聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的話可以采用SocketConnection,因為TCP服務(wù)是面向連接且可靠的。我們還必須清楚地一點是以上所說的各種連接方式都不是MIDP規(guī)范中規(guī)定必須實現(xiàn)的。因此在使用之前請參考特定設(shè)備的開發(fā)文檔。MIDP中只有Http連接是必須支持的。
同樣,我們要獲得DatagramConnection的話,必須通過Connector的open方法,其中的URL應(yīng)該滿足如下的形式。
datagram://localhost:5555 這樣的話表示建立了一個客戶端模式的連接。在指定ip:localhost和指定端口:5555
datagram://:5555 這樣建立的是一個服務(wù)器端模式的連接,在本地的5555端口。
建立連接后,我們可以通過DatagramConnection的newDatagram()方法構(gòu)造一個Datagram,然后調(diào)用DatagramConnection的send()方法。這樣數(shù)據(jù)報將會發(fā)送到指定的接受方。例如你可以構(gòu)建這個一個負責(zé)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的Sender類。
package com.siemens.datagramtest;
import javax.microedition.io.Datagram;
import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection;
public class Sender extends Thread
{
private DatagramConnection dc;
private String address;
private String message;
public Sender(DatagramConnection dc)
{
this.dc = dc;
start();
}
public synchronized void send(String addr, String msg)
{
address = addr;
message = msg;
notify();
}
public synchronized void run()
{
while (true)
{
// If no client to deal, wait until one connects
if (message == null)
{
try
{
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
try
{
byte[] bytes = message.getBytes();
Datagram dg = null;
// Are we a sender thread for the client ? If so then there's
// no address parameter
if (address == null)
{
dg = dc.newDatagram(bytes, bytes.length);
} else
{
dg = dc.newDatagram(bytes, bytes.length, address);
System.out.println(address);
}
dc.send(dg);
} catch (Exception ioe)
{
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
// Completed client handling, return handler to pool and
// mark for wait
message = null;
}
}
}
注意聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時候我們應(yīng)該在另外一個線程中而不是在主線程中。
服務(wù)器端的目的就是啟動后監(jiān)聽指定的端口,當(dāng)客戶端連接過來后接受數(shù)據(jù)并記錄下客戶端的地址,以便服務(wù)器端向客戶端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。
package com.siemens.datagramtest;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.microedition.io.Connector;
import javax.microedition.io.Datagram;
import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection;
import javax.microedition.io.UDPDatagramConnection;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Alert;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.AlertType;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;
public class Server implements Runnable, CommandListener
{
private DatagramMIDlet parent;
private Display display;
private Form f;
private StringItem si;
private TextField tf;
private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);
Sender sender;
private String address;
public Server(DatagramMIDlet m)
{
parent = m;
display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
f = new Form("Datagram Server");
si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
f.append(si);
f.append(tf);
f.addCommand(sendCommand);
f.setCommandListener(this);
display.setCurrent(f);
}
public void start()
{
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t.start();
}
public void run()
{
try
{
si.setText("Waiting for connection");
DatagramConnection dc =(DatagramConnection)Connector.open("datagram://:5555");
sender = new Sender(dc);
while (true)
{
Datagram dg = dc.newDatagram(100);
dc.receive(dg);
address = dg.getAddress();
si.setText("Message received - "
+ new String(dg.getData(), 0, dg.getLength()));
}
} catch (IOException ioe)
{
Alert a = new Alert("Server", "Port 5000 is already taken.", null,
AlertType.ERROR);
a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
a.setCommandListener(this);
display.setCurrent(a);
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
{
if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused())
{
if (address == null)
{
si.setText("No destination address");
} else
{
sender.send(address, tf.getString());
}
}
if (c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND)
{
parent.destroyApp(true);
parent.notifyDestroyed();
}
}
public void stop()
{
}
}
客戶端代碼則是建立連接后向服務(wù)器端發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),并等待接受服務(wù)器返回的數(shù)據(jù)。
package com.siemens.datagramtest;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.microedition.io.ConnectionNotFoundException;
import javax.microedition.io.Connector;
import javax.microedition.io.Datagram;
import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Alert;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.AlertType;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField;
public class Client implements Runnable, CommandListener
{
private DatagramMIDlet parent;
private Display display;
private Form f;
private StringItem si;
private TextField tf;
private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1);
Sender sender;
public Client(DatagramMIDlet m)
{
parent = m;
display = Display.getDisplay(parent);
f = new Form("Datagram Client");
si = new StringItem("Status:", " ");
tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY);
f.append(si);
f.append(tf);
f.addCommand(sendCommand);
f.setCommandListener(this);
display.setCurrent(f);
}
public void start()
{
Thread t = new Thread(this);
t.start();
}
public void run()
{
try
{
DatagramConnection dc = (DatagramConnection) Connector
.open("datagram://localhost:5555");
si.setText("Connected to server");
sender = new Sender(dc);
while (true)
{
Datagram dg = dc.newDatagram(100);
dc.receive(dg);
// Have we actually received something or is this just a timeout
// ?
if (dg.getLength() > 0)
{
si.setText("Message received - "
+ new String(dg.getData(), 0, dg.getLength()));
}
}
} catch (ConnectionNotFoundException cnfe)
{
Alert a = new Alert("Client", "Please run Server MIDlet first",
null, AlertType.ERROR);
a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER);
display.setCurrent(a);
} catch (IOException ioe)
{
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
{
if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused())
{
sender.send(null, tf.getString());
}
}
public void stop()
{
}
}
本文的代碼取自WTK demo中的例子,您可以參考demo中的源代碼!下面給出MIDlet的代碼
package com.siemens.datagramtest;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Choice;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.ChoiceGroup;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form;
import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet;
public class DatagramMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener
{
private static final String SERVER = "Server";
private static final String CLIENT = "Client";
private static final String[] names = { SERVER, CLIENT };
private static Display display;
private Form f;
ChoiceGroup cg;
private boolean isPaused;
private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1);
private Command startCommand = new Command("Start", Command.ITEM, 1);
public DatagramMIDlet()
{
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
f = new Form("Datagram Demo");
cg = new ChoiceGroup("Please select peer", Choice.EXCLUSIVE, names,
null);
f.append(cg);
f.addCommand(exitCommand);
f.addCommand(startCommand);
f.setCommandListener(this);
display.setCurrent(f);
}
public static Display getDisplay()
{
return display;
}
public boolean isPaused()
{
return isPaused;
}
public void startApp()
{
isPaused = false;
}
public void pauseApp()
{
isPaused = true;
}
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional)
{
}
public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
{
if (c == exitCommand)
{
destroyApp(true);
notifyDestroyed();
} else if (c == startCommand)
{
String name = cg.getString(cg.getSelectedIndex());
if (name.equals(SERVER))
{
Server server = new Server(this);
server.start();
} else
{
Client client = new Client(this);
client.start();
}
}
}
}