可以針對(duì)分區(qū)表的每個(gè)分區(qū)指定各自的存儲(chǔ)路徑，對(duì)于innodb存儲(chǔ)引擎的表只能指定數(shù)據(jù)路徑，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)和索引是存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)文件當(dāng)中，對(duì)于MYISAM存儲(chǔ)引擎可以分別指定數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件，一般也只有RANGE、LIST分區(qū)、sub子分區(qū)才有可能需要單獨(dú)指定各個(gè)分區(qū)的路徑，HASH和KEY分區(qū)的所有分區(qū)的路徑都是一樣。RANGE分區(qū)指定路徑和LIST分區(qū)是一樣的，這里就拿LIST分區(qū)來(lái)做講解。

一、MYISAM存儲(chǔ)引擎

CREATE TABLE th (id INT, adate DATE)
engine='MyISAM'PARTITION BY LIST(YEAR(adate))
(
  PARTITION p1999 VALUES IN (1995, 1999, 2003)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
    INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx',
  PARTITION p2000 VALUES IN (1996, 2000, 2004)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
    INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx',
  PARTITION p2001 VALUES IN (1997, 2001, 2005)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
    INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx',
  PARTITION p2002 VALUES IN (1998, 2002, 2006)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
    INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx');

注意：MYISAM存儲(chǔ)引擎的數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件是分庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)所以可以為數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件定義各自的路徑，INNODB存儲(chǔ)引擎只能定義數(shù)據(jù)路徑。

二、INNODB存儲(chǔ)引擎

CREATE TABLE thex (id INT, adate DATE)
engine='InnoDB'PARTITION BY LIST(YEAR(adate))
(
  PARTITION p1999 VALUES IN (1995, 1999, 2003)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data',
    
  PARTITION p2000 VALUES IN (1996, 2000, 2004)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data',
   
  PARTITION p2001 VALUES IN (1997, 2001, 2005)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data',
    
  PARTITION p2002 VALUES IN (1998, 2002, 2006)
    DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
  );

指定路徑之后在原來(lái)的路徑中innodb生成了4個(gè)指向數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)的路徑文件，myisam生成了一個(gè)th.par文件指明該表是分區(qū)表，同時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件指向了實(shí)際的存儲(chǔ)路徑。

三、子分區(qū)

1.子分區(qū)

CREATE TABLE tb_sub_dir (id INT, purchased DATE)
ENGINE='MYISAM'
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) 
        (
            SUBPARTITION s0
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub1'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub1',
            SUBPARTITION s1
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub1'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub1'
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000) 
        (
            SUBPARTITION s2
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub2'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub2',
            SUBPARTITION s3
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub2'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub2'
        ),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE 
        (
            SUBPARTITION s4
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub3'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub3',
            SUBPARTITION s5
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub3'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub3'
        )
    );

2.子分區(qū)再分

CREATE TABLE tb_sub_dirnew (id INT, purchased DATE)
ENGINE='MYISAM'
    PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(purchased) )
    SUBPARTITION BY HASH( TO_DAYS(purchased) ) (
        PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1990) 
        DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
        INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx'
        (
            SUBPARTITION s0
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub1'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub1',
            SUBPARTITION s1
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub1'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub1'
        ),
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2000)
        DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
        INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx'
        (
            SUBPARTITION s2
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub2'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub2',
            SUBPARTITION s3
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub2'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub2'
        ),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
        DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data'
        INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx'
        (
            SUBPARTITION s4
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub3'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub3',
            SUBPARTITION s5
                DATA DIRECTORY = '/data/data_sub3'
                INDEX DIRECTORY = '/data/idx_sub3'
        )
    );

也可以給個(gè)分區(qū)指定路徑后再給子分區(qū)指定路徑，但是這樣沒(méi)有意義，因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)的存在都是由子分區(qū)決定的。

注意：

1.指定的路徑必須存在，否則分區(qū)無(wú)法創(chuàng)建成功

2.MYISAM存儲(chǔ)引擎的數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件是分庫(kù)存儲(chǔ)所以可以為數(shù)據(jù)文件和索引文件定義各自的路徑，INNODB存儲(chǔ)引擎只能定義數(shù)據(jù)路徑

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