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ProxySQL讀寫分離從設(shè)置到使用

發(fā)表時間：2023-08-01 來源：明輝站整理相關(guān)軟件相關(guān)文章人氣：

[摘要]在美團(tuán)點評DBProxy讀寫分離使用說明文章中已經(jīng)說明了使用目的，本文介紹ProxySQL的使用方法以及和DBProxy的性能差異。具體的介紹可以看官網(wǎng)的相關(guān)說明，并且這個中間件也是percona推...
在美團(tuán)點評DBProxy讀寫分離使用說明文章中已經(jīng)說明了使用目的，本文介紹ProxySQL的使用方法以及和DBProxy的性能差異。具體的介紹可以看官網(wǎng)的相關(guān)說明，并且這個中間件也是percona推的一款中間件。其特性和其他讀寫分離的中間件差距不大，具體的會在文中介紹。本文大致簡單的介紹在使用過程中的一些說明，也可以看官方的wiki獲得使用幫助。

環(huán)境：

Distributor ID： Ubuntu
Description： Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS
Release： 14.04Codename： trusty

下載

percona站點：

https：//www.percona.com/downloads/proxysql/

github/官網(wǎng)：

https：//github.com/sysown/proxysql/releases



我們首先看一下自己的環(huán)境：

MHA已經(jīng)搭建：
master：172.16.16.35:3306slave：172.16.16.35:3307slave：172.16.16.34:3307

MHA manager在172.16.16.34，配置文件如下：

[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/mha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/app1.log
master_binlog_dir=/home/mysql/db3306/log/master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=123456ping_interval=1remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=123456repl_user=root
report_script=/usr/local/bin/send_report
shutdown_script=""ssh_user=root
user=root
[server1]
hostname=172.16.16.35port=3306[server2]
candidate_master=1check_repl_delay=0hostname=172.16.16.34port=3306[server3]
hostname=172.16.16.35port=3307

下面我們基于這樣一套MHA環(huán)境搭建讀寫分離。
1：安裝ProxySQL軟件，這個我們部署到172.16.16.34上
[root@localhost bin]# sudo yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-4/percona-release-0.1-4.noarch.rpm[root@localhost bin]# yum install proxysql

最后有以下提示：
Installed:
proxysql.x86_64 0:1.3.7-1.1.el6
Complete!

也就是安裝完成了。然后查一下具體的文件：
[root@localhost bin]# find / -name proxysql/var/lib/proxysql/var/run/proxysql/etc/rc.d/init.d/proxysql/usr/bin/proxysql

發(fā)現(xiàn)確實已經(jīng)將ProxySQL安裝成功了
2：啟動配置ProxySQL
看一下配置文件：
[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/proxysql-admin.cnf
# proxysql admin interface credentials.
export PROXYSQL_USERNAME="admin"export PROXYSQL_PASSWORD="admin"export PROXYSQL_HOSTNAME="localhost"export PROXYSQL_PORT="6032"
 # PXC admin credentials for connecting to pxc-cluster-node.
export CLUSTER_USERNAME="admin"export CLUSTER_PASSWORD="admin"export CLUSTER_HOSTNAME="localhost"export CLUSTER_PORT="3306"
 # proxysql monitoring user. proxysql admin script will create this user in pxc to monitor pxc-nodes.
export MONITOR_USERNAME="monitor"export MONITOR_PASSWORD="monit0r"
 # Application user to connect to pxc-node through proxysql
export CLUSTER_APP_USERNAME="proxysql_user"export CLUSTER_APP_PASSWORD="passw0rd"
 # ProxySQL read/write hostgroup
export WRITE_HOSTGROUP_ID="10"export READ_HOSTGROUP_ID="11"
 # ProxySQL read/write configuration mode.
export MODE="singlewrite"

啟動：
[root@localhost bin]# proxysql-admin --config-file=/etc/proxysql-admin.cnf --enable
This script will assist with configuring ProxySQL (currently only Percona XtraDB cluster in combination with ProxySQL is supported)
ProxySQL read/write configuration mode is singlewrite
ProxySQL is not running; please start the proxysql service

現(xiàn)在來說ProxySQL 的路由已經(jīng)啟動，提示我們要啟動proxysql service
[root@localhost bin]# service proxy
proxy proxysql proxysql-admin proxysql_galera_checker proxysql_node_monitor
[root@localhost bin]# service proxysql start
Starting ProxySQL: DONE![root@localhost bin]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1Server version: 5.7.14 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

可以看到我們已經(jīng)登錄成功了，這里要說明的是 proxysql的默認(rèn)配置文件是在：
[root@localhost bin]# find / -name proxysql.cnf/etc/proxysql.cnf

接下來我們開始配置ProxySQL：
[root@localhost bin]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2Server version: 5.7.14 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> show databases;+-----+---------+-------------------------------+
  seq   name   file  
+-----+---------+-------------------------------+
  0   main    
  2   disk   /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db  
  3   stats    
  4   monitor    
+-----+---------+-------------------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> use admin
Database changed
mysql> show tables;+--------------------------------------+
  tables  
+--------------------------------------+
  global_variables  
  mysql_collations  
  mysql_query_rules  
  mysql_replication_hostgroups  
  mysql_servers  
  mysql_users  
  runtime_global_variables  
  runtime_mysql_query_rules  
  runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups  
  runtime_mysql_servers  
  runtime_mysql_users  
  runtime_scheduler  
  scheduler  
+--------------------------------------+13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

下面加入主從信息：
mysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,max_replication_lag,comment) values(100,'172.16.16.35',3306,1,1000,10,'test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,max_replication_lag,comment) values(101,'172.16.16.34',3306,1,1000,10,'test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into mysql_servers(hostgroup_id,hostname,port,weight,max_connections,max_replication_lag,comment) values(101,'172.16.16.35',3307,1,1000,10,'test');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql_servers;+--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
  hostgroup_id   hostname   port   status   weight   compression   max_connections   max_replication_lag   use_ssl   max_latency_ms   comment  
+--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+
  100   172.16.16.35   3306   ONLINE   1   0   1000   10   0   0   test  
  101   172.16.16.34   3306   ONLINE   1   0   1000   10   0   0   test  
  101   172.16.16.35   3307   ONLINE   1   0   1000   10   0   0   test  
+--------------+--------------+------+--------+--------+-------------+-----------------+---------------------+---------+----------------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后添加讀寫映射（主要是MHA后端切換的時候保證ProxySQL也能夠自動切換）：
mysql> insert into mysql_replication_hostgroups values(100,101,'masterha') ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql_replication_hostgroups;+------------------+------------------+----------+
  writer_hostgroup   reader_hostgroup   comment  
+------------------+------------------+----------+
  100   101   masterha  
+------------------+------------------+----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

為ProxySQL添加監(jiān)控賬號：
mysql> GRANT SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'172.16.16.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'proxysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

配置監(jiān)控賬號（在proxySQL當(dāng)中進(jìn)行配置）：
mysql> set mysql-monitor_username='proxysql';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set mysql-monitor_password='proxysql';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> load mysql variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> save mysql variables to disk;
Query OK, 74 rows affected (0.02 sec)

PS:有時候runtime_mysql_servers的status不為ONLINE狀態(tài)的話可以通過查看monitor.mysql_server_ping_log這個表來查看具體的報錯信息。
mysql> select * from monitor.mysql_server_ping_log;
然后配置程序賬號，簡單點統(tǒng)一使用root：123456最高權(quán)限來配置：
mysql> insert into mysql_users(username,password,active,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent) values('root','123456',1,100,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql_users;+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+
  username   password   active   use_ssl   default_hostgroup   default_schema   schema_locked   transaction_persistent   fast_forward   backend   frontend   max_connections  
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+
  root   123456   1   0   100   NULL   0   1   0   1   1   10000  
+----------+----------+--------+---------+-------------------+----------------+---------------+------------------------+--------------+---------+----------+-----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置完成以后開始重新加載和保存我們的配置：
mysql> load mysql servers to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> save mysql servers to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> load mysql users to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> save mysql users to disk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

接下來開始配置路由規(guī)則：
mysql> INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES(1,'^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE$',100,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules(active,match_pattern,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES(1,'^SELECT',101,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> LOAD MYSQL QUERY RULES TO RUNTIME;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SAVE MYSQL QUERY RULES TO DISK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

至此配置已經(jīng)完成了
3：測試讀寫分離
在172.16.16.35上鏈接proxySQL端口6033，并且做簡單的select操作：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h172.16.16.34 -P6033
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 22Server version: 5.7.14 (ProxySQL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select * from maxiangqian.test;+-----+------+
  id   name  
+-----+------+
  1   qq  
  2   qq  
  4   aa  
  11   a  
  111   a  
+-----+------+5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

然后在進(jìn)行查詢看一下：
mysql> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;

ProxySQL讀寫分離從配置到使用

可以看到已經(jīng)完成了讀寫分離了。
mysql> select @@server_id;+-------------+
  @@server_id  
+-------------+
  353307  
+-------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查看一下server ID已經(jīng)路由到了172.16.16.35:3307這個從庫上了。
測一下for update：
mysql> select * from maxiangqian.test for update;+-----+------+
  id   name  
+-----+------+
  1   qq  
  2   qq  
  4   aa  
  11   a  
  111   a  
+-----+------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再查看
mysql> select * from stats_mysql_query_digest;

ProxySQL讀寫分離從配置到使用

已經(jīng)自動路由到了主庫。
至此ProxySQL+MySQL MHA讀寫分離測試完成。。。未完待續(xù)
5：關(guān)于ProxySQL的思考以及簡單的命令
ProxySQL通過以上方式是可以實現(xiàn)讀寫分離，但是這種方式真的就沒有問題了嗎，如果是一些比如查詢訂單狀態(tài)的這種要求實時性非常高的SQL的話，似乎被路由到了從庫就會出現(xiàn)BUG。我們可以選擇在程序端控制這些參數(shù)，ProxySQL只作為一個負(fù)載均衡來使用，給ProxySQL創(chuàng)建多個賬號，一個讀寫，一個只讀。然后程序去實現(xiàn)讀寫分離。
ProxySQL是分三層來設(shè)計運行的，分別為RUNTIME ，MEMORY ，DISK ：
RUNTIME 代表的是ProxySQL當(dāng)前生效的配置，包括 global_variables, mysql_servers, mysql_users, mysql_query_rules。無法直接修改這里的配置，必須要從下一層load進(jìn)來。
MEMORY 是平時在mysql命令行修改的 main 里頭配置，可以認(rèn)為是SQLite數(shù)據(jù)庫在內(nèi)存的鏡像
DISK / CONFIG FILE 持久存儲的那份配置，一般在$(DATADIR)/proxysql.db，在重啟的時候會從硬盤里加載。 /etc/proxysql.cnf文件只在第一次初始化的時候用到，完了后，如果要修改監(jiān)聽端口，還是需要在管理命令行里修改，再 save 到硬盤
常用命令：
LOAD MYSQL SERVERS TO RUNTIME -- 讓修改的配置生效，也就是從MEMORY 把參數(shù)LOAD過來，等價于LOAD MYSQL USERS FROM MEMORY，這個語句的語法比較單間，F(xiàn)ROM代表從上層LOAD過來，TO代表從本層到某一個層。比如前面我們設(shè)置了MySQL的監(jiān)控賬號，但是還是要執(zhí)行LOAD和SAVE保存變量并且使變量生效。

以上就是ProxySQL讀寫分離從配置到使用的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，更多請關(guān)注php中文網(wǎng)其它相關(guān)文章！


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